What is the best form of exercise for elderly people on diet? Doctors do not yet know the answer. But one study suggests that elderly dieters may be able to protect against bone thinning by doing resistance exercise.
Medical experts often use body mass index, or BMI, to measure obesity – the condition of being very overweight. BMI compares a person's height and weight. A BMI of around 30 or higher is considered fat. The number of obese people has nearly tripled worldwide since 1975, notes the World Health Organization. Obesity problems among older adults are difficult to deal with. This is because weight loss efforts can create health problems, such as an increased risk of bone thinning. Thin bones are more likely to fracture, the study team noted. For the study, researchers randomly put 141 obese adults into one of four groups. The first group had dieters who did only aerobic exercise. The second group had dieters who only did resistance exercise. The third had dieters who did both forms of exercise. The final group, the control group, did not exercise or change their diet.
The aerobic exercises included walking on an exercise machine, riding a stationary bicycle, and stair climbing. Resistance exercises included upper- and lower- body exercises using weight machines. All of the exercisers also did some activities designed to improve balance and flexibility. At the end of the study, all of the participants had a decrease in bone density. But bone density decreased less in the older adults who did resistance exercise. Bone density also decreased less in those who did resistance exercise and aerobic workouts.
Researcher said elderly patients should use some resistance exercise to protect against bone loss. "Resistance exercise should be at least moderate in intensity," We do not know if less-intense exercise would be effective in protecting against bone loss during weight loss."
Recommendations
That length of time is too brief to confirm whether one type of exercise might be better than another for fall or bone fracture prevention, the report said. "Based on this study, one would conclude that (for) an older adult who is obese and trying to lose weight, the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise will help the most to maintain their bone mineral density and their general physical fitness," Older adults who are able should do muscle-strengthening exercises (resistance exercise) at least twice a week. It is also suggested that older adults with health issues "make sure they understand how these conditions affect their ability to exercise, and all older adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow."
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